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Dog breed

Dog Breed Development and Classification
– Dogs are the most variable mammal on Earth, with over 360 globally recognized breeds.
– Breed development involves purposeful breeding by humans for specific tasks such as herding, hunting, and guarding.
– Breeds possess distinct traits related to morphology, behavior, and personality.
– Most breeds were derived from small numbers of founders within the last 200 years.
– Kennel clubs and breed registries maintain and publish breed standards.
– Different types of dog breeds existed prior to standardization.
– The term ‘dog breed’ took on a new meaning during the Victorian era, emphasizing form over function.
– Pure breeds, cross-breeds, mixed breeds, and natural breeds are different uses of the term ‘breed’ in relation to dogs.
– Dog shows and competitions played a significant role in defining specific characteristics and desirable features.
– The English Kennel Club, established in 1873, documented pedigrees and influenced breed standardization.
– The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) is a global canine organization that classifies dog breeds.
– The American Kennel Club (AKC) and the New Zealand Kennel Club also categorize dog breeds into different groups.
– The AKC Canine Partners program allows mixed breed dogs to be registered.
– The Animal Pedigree Act of 1985 in Canada regulates the registration of dog breeds.

Ancient Dog Breeds and Genetic Evidence
– Ancient dog breeds existed 9,000 years ago in arctic northeastern Siberia, Egypt, and Western Asia.
– Controlled breeding practices during the Victorian era led to the development of modern dog breeds.
– Dogs are the first species and the only large carnivore to have been domesticated.
– Directed human selection during the Victorian era resulted in a vast range of phenotypes and modern dog breeds.
– Genetic studies have identified regions of the dog genome associated with phenotype variation and recent selection.
– The term ‘ancient breed’ was used for dog breeds with origins believed to date back more than 500 years.
– A genetic study identified 9 breeds as ancient breeds based on distinct genetic units and strong statistical support.
– Ancient breeds are separate from other breeds with a modern European origin.
– Dogs display more phenotypic diversity than can be found within the entire order of carnivores.
– Genetic studies on dog breeds have revealed the rich history of dog domestication.
– Canine genetics offer new mechanisms for the study of human cancer.
– Natural and human-driven selection have influenced the genetic makeup of ancient and modern canids.
– The genetic structure of purebred domestic dogs has been extensively studied.

Health Issues and Mortality of Dog Breeds
– Purebred dogs have more health problems than mixed-breed dogs.
– They require more veterinary visits and tend to have lower longevity.
– Dog breeds with flat faces and short noses often have breathing difficulties and eye problems.
– Studies have reported shorter lifespans for purebred dogs compared to mixed-breed dogs.
– Health issues can be more prevalent in certain breeds due to genetic factors.
– Insured dogs in Sweden experienced morbidity and mortality based on gender, age, and breed.
– Rates and causes of death in Swedish dogs varied among different breeds.
– Mortality rates of purebred and mixed-breed dogs in Denmark have been studied.
– Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England have been analyzed.
– Comparative longevity of pet dogs and humans has implications for gerontology research.

Cross-breeds and Mixed-breeds
– Cross-breeds are the result of mating two different breeds of dogs.
– Designer dogs became popular in the late 20th century.
– Cross-breeds are different from canid hybrids, which are crosses between different species of Canis.
– Historically, crosses between dogs of different types were more accepted before modern purebred breeds existed.
– Some crossbred dogs may have the advantage of heterosis or crossbreed vigor.
– Mixed-breeds, also known as mongrels or mutts, do not belong to one officially recognized breed.
– They can be a mix of two breeds and are not the result of intentional breeding.
– The term ‘mixed-breed’ is preferred over ‘mongrel’ in the United States to avoid negative connotations.
– Purebred dogs are artificially created from random-bred populations through selective breeding.
– Not all non-purebred dogs are a mix of defined breeds, and some experts still prefer the term ‘mongrel’.

Breed Standards and Temperament
– Kennel clubs maintain breed standards and record pedigrees in a breed registry.
– Dogs of the same breed have similar characteristics due to shared ancestry.
– Breed true – producing young that resemble their parents.
– Proof of ancestry is required to identify a dog as a member of a specific breed.
– Some clubs may have inconsistent standards and not apply scientific criteria for breed recognition.
– Breed standard is a detailed description of the appearance and behavior of an idealized dog of a specific breed.
– It includes externally observable aspects of appearance and behavior that are considered important for the breed.
– Breed standards also mention unacceptable faults in appearance or temperament.
– Understanding breed temperaments helps in responsible dog ownership and training.
– A 2014 study suggested that gene mutations may be linked to breed temperaments.
– Ancient ancestry may also influence breed temperaments.
– Different breeds exhibit varying levels of anxiety or fear.
– Breed temperaments can impact behavior and suitability for certain roles.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_breed

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Here you will find detailed and informative articles to help you, the puppy parent, keep your pets happy and healthy. Nothing on this site should be taken as medical advice, but as a compiled source of veteranary papers and articles from accredited experts.

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